In English Language we should know and understanding about TENSES. tenses differentiated into 16 types based on time. but there are 12 kinds of tenses are often used in daily life. now we will study the forms of tenses found in daily life, hopefully this all maybe an additional knowledge for you all in school, primary school, junior high school, and senior high school. please be listened to and if there are things do not understand please ask the questions here...and with pleasure i would answer your question well..
A. PRESENT TENSE
1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE (express daily habbits or usual activities)
Patern : S + Verb.1 + (s/es)
that must be considered as well to remember the use of simple present tense is the addition of (-s) and (-es) in the third person singular subjects.
{I, YOU, WE, THEY,} --> verb do not need to added "-s" or "-es" the assistant verb "do" (to make negative(-) and interrogative(?) sentence)
{HE, SHE, IT} --> verb need to added "-s" or "-es" the assistant verb "does" (to make negative(-) and interrogative(?) sentence.
the addition of "-es" done if the verb ends in the letters : o,s,h and x (for the letter y, not all verbs, just that in preceded by a consonant the Y changes to "-ies", example : study-studies, carry-carries. but if preceded by a vowel, do not changes.
EXAMPLE :
1. they play football everyday
2. Ana takes a shower everymorning
3. A square has four equal sides
4. he goes to school by bus
to changes the positive sentence to be negative and interrogative sentence can be used this formula :
Patern : (+) S + Verb 1 + (S/ES)
(-) S + Do/Does + Not + Verb 1
(?) Do/Does + S + Verb 1
EXAMPLE :
1. (-) Mr. Hadi does not teach English
(?) does Mr. Hadi teach English
2. (-) they do not go to school everyday
(?) do they go to school everyday
note the following sentence, the word not use do or does but use : IS,AM,ARE
1. I am student
2. You are clever
2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE (the present continuous tense expresses an activity that is in progress (is occurring, is happening) right now.
Patern : (+) S + to be (is,am,are) +Verb + ing
(-) S +to be + not + verb + ing
(?) To be + S + Verb + ing
we must know the usage of "to be" (auxiliary word) in each subject the following is an example to be from each subject :
{I,YOU,WE,THEY,Ali and Ani,The teachers} -->are
{SHE, HE,IT,Ali,The teacher} -->is
to create form ing note the following :
A. In general "ing " form is in the form by adding-ing to the basic verb is also called the verb 1.
for example : to play - playing, to jump - jumping
B. If the verb for verb ending by consonant are precedded by the vowels and a consonant the consonant is doubled then add-ing.
for example : to put - putting, to swim - swimming
C. If the verb ends in "E" is preceded by a consonant, the "E" should be removed then added -ing.
for example : to come - comming, to shine - shining
time signal that is often used : now, right now, at present, today, this morning, to night.
EXAMPLE :
1. (+) I am studying english
(-) I'm not studying english
(?) are you studying english
2. (+) they are watching tv
(-) they are not watching tv
(?) are they watching tv
3. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE (used to represent a job or event)
1. have been completed or occur when the sentence made
2. If its followed by the words "for" or "since" the incident behind it implies still ongoing at the time the sentence made.
as we know in english there are 3 forms in the verb : Infinitive (verb.1), past (verb.2), past participle (verb.3)
there are two kinds of verb, namely :
1. Regular Verb
2. Irregular Verb
1. REGULAR VERB
to make verb.2 and verb.3 get an extre +ED or +D on verb which end on the leter "E"
Example :
verb.2 and verb.3 added "ED"
verb .1 verb.2 verb.3
walk walked walked
open opened opened
verb.2 and verb.3 added "D" because that verb which end on the letter "E"
verb.1 verb.2 verb.3
agree agreed agreed
prepare prepared prepared
2. IRREGULAR VERB
verb.2 and verb.3 different
verb.1 verb.2 verb.3
be was/were been
go went gone
write wrote written
verb.2 and verb.3 are same
verb.1 verb.2 verb.3
bring brought brought
teach taught taught
have had had
verb.1 verb.2 and verb.3 are same
verb.1 verb.2 verb.3
cut cut cut
put put put
read read read
to cahnge the positive(+) sentence into negative(-) and interrogative(?) sentences, note the sentence formula :
Patern : (+) S + have/has + Verb.3
(-) S + have/has + not + verb.3
(?) have/has + S + Verb.3
time signal that is often used : already, almost, ever, never, yet
note the location on the sentence : I have eaten already, he has almost arrived at his destination, i have not seen that film yet
EXAMPLE :
1. (+) I have eaten rice
(-) I have not eaten rice
(?) Have you eaten rice
2. (+) He has been to bali
(-) He has not been to bali
(?) Has he been to bali
4. PRESENT PERFECT COTINUOUS TENSE (tenses are used to denote event or actions, which began during the past, and the event or the act still going on until the sentence is made)
to know what subject to use have and has notice the following example :
{I,YOU,WE,THEY} --> HAVE
{SHE,HE,IT} ---> HAS
to change the positive(+) sentence into the negative(-) and interogative(?) sentence note the following formula :
Patern : (+) S + have/has + been + verb + ing
(-) S + have/has + not + been +verb + ing
(?) Have/has + S + been + verb + ing
EXAMPLE :
1. (+) father has been reading newspaper since an hour ago
(-) father has not been reading newspaper since an hour ago
(?) has father been reading newspaper since an hour ago
2. (+) we have been swimming for two hours
(-) we have not been swimming for two hours
(?) have you been swimming for two hours
source: http://indonesiaindonesia.com/f/92674-english-tenses-lets-know-and-learn/
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